The world is experiencing a severe fertility crisis, with the total fertility level dropping below the replacement rate for the first time in history, meaning that the average number of children per woman is no longer enough to maintain a constant population. This "baby bust" has significant implications, including increased inequality, as having children is becoming a luxury that only the wealthy can afford, exacerbating existing social and economic disparities. According to Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, a professor of economics at the University of Pennsylvania, this trend is unprecedented and has never occurred before, even during periods of war or epidemic, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the economic and social consequences of a shrinking global population.